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Parents and Guardians

Headaches in Children: A Guide for Parents

· Jun 18, 2025 ·

What are they?

Headaches are a common complaint in children and can occur for various reasons, including stress, dehydration, or illness. Most headaches in children are mild and temporary. Understanding the causes and symptoms of headaches can help you to effectively manage your child’s discomfort and seek medical advice when necessary.

What symptoms do you get?

Headaches in children may present with a range of symptoms, including a dull or throbbing pain in the head, sensitivity to light or noise, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, or changes in mood or behaviour. Children may also describe their headache as a feeling of pressure or tightness in the head. It’s essential to pay attention to any associated symptoms or patterns, such as headaches that occur at specific times of day or in response to certain triggers, as this information can help determine the cause of the headache.

How are they diagnosed?

Diagnosing the underlying cause of headaches in children often involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes additional tests or evaluations. Your child’s healthcare provider may ask about the frequency, duration, and severity of the headaches, as well as any associated symptoms or triggers. It can be helpful if you keep a headache diary. They may also inquire about your child’s medical history, lifestyle, and any recent illnesses or injuries. In some cases, further evaluation, such as blood tests, scans, or referral to a specialist, may be necessary to rule out underlying medical conditions or identify potential contributing factors. It can be very helpful to get your child’s eyesight tested by an optician, as untreated visual problems are a common cause of headaches.

What is the treatment?

Treatment for headaches in children depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. In many cases, simple measures such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen may provide relief from mild headaches. It’s essential to follow dosage instructions carefully and avoid giving aspirin to children. For recurring or severe headaches, your child’s healthcare provider may recommend additional treatments or interventions, such as stress management techniques, lifestyle changes, or prescription medications.

When to seek urgent medical attention

While most headaches in children are self-limiting, there are some red flag signs that may indicate a more serious underlying condition and require prompt medical attention:

  • Sudden and severe pain
  • Headaches accompanied by fever or neck stiffness
  • Your child is confused and not their usual self
  • Your child appears to have weakness or complains of numbness
  • Your child has difficulty speaking or walking
  • Your child is complaining about vision changes
  • Your child has a seizure
  • Your child is under 5 years old (it is uncommon for children to report headaches at this age)

If your child experiences any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.

For further information have a look here.

Remember, while occasional headaches are common in children and often resolve with rest and supportive care, persistent or severe headaches may require further evaluation and management by a healthcare professional. It’s important to monitor your child’s symptoms closely and seek medical advice if you have any concerns. The Head Smart Campaign is a great place to get more information, with clear guidance around worrying features of headaches.

Head Injuries in Children: A Guide for Parents

· Jun 18, 2025 ·

What is it?

Minor head injuries are a common occurrence in children, particularly those who are active or participate in sports. While most head injuries are mild and have no complications, they should be taken seriously and monitored carefully.

What symptoms do you get?

Symptoms can vary but may include headache, dizziness, nausea or vomiting. Some children may also experience changes in sleep patterns or mood disturbances. It’s essential to monitor your child closely for any new or worsening symptoms, especially in the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury.

How is it diagnosed?

It is typically diagnosed based on a combination of the child’s symptoms and a physical examination by a healthcare professional. In very rare cases, additional tests may be done to rule out more serious injuries. It’s important to seek medical advice if your child experiences a head injury, especially if they have lost consciousness, vomited repeatedly, or if their symptoms are severe or worsening.

What is the treatment?

Treatment for a mild head injury focuses on managing symptoms. In most cases, rest and avoiding activities that could worsen symptoms are recommended. You can use over-the-counter pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen to help with headaches or discomfort. It’s also important to ensure your child stays hydrated and gets plenty of rest while recovering from the injury. It is okay for your child to sleep, as long as they can be woken up easily and they have a normal breathing pattern.

Worsening Advice and Advice for Concussions:

If your child’s symptoms worsen or if they develop any concerning signs seek medical attention immediately.

  • Your child’s behaviour is different to normal
  • Your child appears confused or disoriented
  • Your child is unconscious and cannot be woken
  • There is bleeding or fluid coming from the ears or nose
  • Your child vomits more than twice
  • Your child has a seizure
  • Your child has a severe headache that does not go away with simple painkillers
  • Your child is unable to walk or is uncoordinated

These could be signs of a more serious head injury that requires prompt evaluation and treatment. It’s essential to ensure your child gets a lot of rest and returns to activities gradually. They should avoid physical exertion, sports, and screen time until they feel better. Be sure to monitor your child closely for any new or worsening symptoms.

Remember, most head injuries in children resolve on their own with rest and supportive care and your child should be completely back to normal by 2 weeks following the initial injury. It’s important to seek medical advice if you have any concerns about your child’s symptoms or if their condition is not improving.

Chart showing head injuries in cjhildren

 

Viral Gastroenteritis: A Guide for Parents

· Jun 18, 2025 ·

What is it?

Viral gastroenteritis, often referred to as a stomach bug, is an infection of the intestines caused by various viruses, such as norovirus, rotavirus, or adenovirus. It is highly contagious and can spread easily. Viral gastroenteritis is a common illness, particularly in children.

What symptoms do you get?

The symptoms of viral gastroenteritis usually include sudden onset of diarrhoea, which may be watery or contain mucus, as well as vomiting, stomach cramps, nausea, and sometimes fever. The usual duration of diarrhoea is 5-7 days and in most children it stops within 2 weeks. The usual duration of vomiting is 1-2 days and in most children it stops within 3 days.

How is it diagnosed?

Viral gastroenteritis is typically diagnosed based on the child’s symptoms and a physical examination by a healthcare professional. In most cases, specific tests to identify the virus causing the infection are not necessary, as the illness is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own without specific treatment. However, in severe cases or if complications are suspected, your healthcare provider may recommend stool tests or other diagnostic tests to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.

What is the treatment?

Treatment for viral gastroenteritis focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration. ‘It’s essential to keep your child well-hydrated by offering frequent sips of sugary fluids, avoiding fizzy drinks. You can also consider oral rehydration solutions, such as dioralyte, which is available in supermarkets and chemists. You can also offer bland, easy-to-digest foods such as crackers, rice, bananas, and toast as tolerated. In some cases, your healthcare provider may recommend anti-nausea medications, but these are typically reserved for more severe cases or for children at higher risk of dehydration. To help prevent the spread, wash your hands with soap and water regularly, especially after going to the toilet, changing a nappy or before touching food. Your child should stay off nursery/school until 48 hours after vomiting and diarrhoea.

Remember, viral gastroenteritis is usually a self-limiting illness that resolves on its own within a few days to a week with proper care and hydration. However, it’s important to monitor your child closely for signs of dehydration, such as decreased urine output, dry mouth, or lethargy, and seek medical advice if you have any concerns.

Use this quick guide to know what signs to look out for in your child.

Unsettled baby

· Jun 18, 2025 ·

Having an unsettled baby is really common. It’s important to know what is normal, when to worry and what you can do to help. It is normal for a crying baby to make you feel overwhelmed. It’s okay to put your baby down in a safe place and walk away. Never shake your baby.

The ICON website is an incredibly helpful resource with great information to help you understand and manage your crying baby and your own well being.

When to worry:

  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Working hard to breathe
  • Rash that doesn’t go away when you press on it
  • Floppiness
  • Poor feeding
  • Gut feeling that something is wrong – you know your baby best!

Discomfort When Pooing (Dyschezia) in Babies

· Jun 18, 2025 ·

Infant dyschezia is a common problem seen in up to 10% of babies under 1 year, usually between 1 and 9 months of age. Dyschezia is a medical term for apparent discomfort around the time that a baby has a poo. It can often be mistaken for constipation, as the baby will cry, strain, and go red in the face for several minutes (up to half an hour) before passing a stool. However, it is different to constipation because the stool is soft (not hard) and the baby usually opens their bowels everyday or every other day.

Why does it happen?

Dyschezia happens because the baby is still developing their muscles in their abdominal wall (tummy) and their pelvic floor (bottom). These need to work together to allow the baby to pass stool comfortably. It is a process – just like learning to roll, walk and talk. For this reason it can take several weeks or months to fully resolve.

What NOT to do

If the stools are soft, there is no point in using laxatives or other medications for this condition – they won’t help the muscle coordination develop any faster. It’s also not helpful (and can be very harmful) to use cotton buds, suppositories, or other instruments in the baby’s bottom to relieve the stools.

What you CAN do

Some parents find that gently cycling their baby’s legs up to their belly can help (this probably helps relax the pelvic floor). Otherwise, your baby will benefit from any soothing comfort while they are crying– cuddles, talking/singing, a warm bath, carrying around, or sucking on a dummy if they have one. It might help to know that there is a theory that the crying is helpful to the baby because it increases the pressure in their abdomen which helps pass the stool – and is not necessarily a sign of pain or distress.

When to see your Health Visitor or GP

  • If the stools are hard or infrequent (less than 2-3 per week)
  • If the abdomen is very large (distended)
  • If there is lots of vomiting, or any green vomiting

 

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