Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP), now known as IgA vasculitis, is a type of inflammatory condition known as vasculitis, that affects the small blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. It is one of the most common types of vasculitis in children and typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 11 years old. While the exact cause of HSP is unknown, it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune system response, often triggered by a preceding infection.
What symptoms do you get?
Symptoms of HSP can vary but often include:
- Purpura: Small, raised purple or red spots on the skin, typically on the legs and buttocks, which may be painful or itchy.
- Joint pain and swelling, particularly in the knees and ankles.
- Abdominal pain or cramping.
- Nausea, vomiting, or bloody stools.
- Kidney involvement, which may lead to blood or protein in the urine, decreased urine output, or high blood pressure.
It’s essential to seek medical advice if your child develops any of these symptoms, especially if they occur suddenly or worsen over time.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosing HSP in children usually involves a combination of a physical examination, medical history, and blood and urine tests. Blood tests are done to check for signs of inflammation and to assess kidney function, while urine is tested for blood and protein. Your child’s blood pressure will also be taken.
What is the treatment?
In most cases, HSP resolves on its own within a few weeks to months without specific treatment. However, symptomatic relief may be provided with over-the-counter pain relievers such as paracetamol to alleviate joint pain and discomfort. It’s essential to follow your healthcare provider’s advice closely and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor your child’s progress as about half of children with HSP will have a further episode. Typically, your child will be followed up at regular intervals for one year.
Rarely, in more severe cases your child may require additional treatments such as medicines to reduce inflammation and protect organ function.
Most cases of HSP will be monitored and resolve without long-term complications. If you have any concerns about your child’s health or if their symptoms are severe or worsening, seek medical advice promptly.
